|
Contemporary Ukrainian literature is a notion referred to Ukrainian literature of the past several decades. Most often 1991 as a year of Ukrainian independence is considered as a start of the contemporary Ukrainian literature as from that year on the literary censorship of the Soviet Union ceased to exist and writers were able to deviate from the official socialist realism style. Principal changes took place in Ukrainian literature already in the years of Perestroika (1985) and especially after the Chernobyl disaster. Some researchers consider that contemporary Ukrainian literature started from the 1970-s after the generation of the sixtiers. Due to the increased freedom and openness of the Ukrainian society to foreign influences and much broader contacts with literatures of other countries contemporary Ukrainian literature is different from the literature of soviet and classical period. It turns to the previously forbidden topics (Holodomor, sexuality, drugs, deviant behavior, etc.), using new styles (postmodernism, neo avant-garde, profanity and surzhyk), diversity and mixing of genres, shocking effects and reflecting upon social problems and historical memory. Modern Ukraine also has a significant number of Russophone writers, who are especially successful in the genres of science fiction and fantasy. == History == During the later USSR some Ukrainian writers started to deviate from the officially approved literary style of socialist realism. Among these writers were Valeriy Shevchuk with his psychological prose and the authors of "chymeric prose" (Vasyl Zemlyak and Volodymyr Drozd) similar to magical realism. There existed also underground literary circles like the Kyiv school of poetry (Vasyl Holoborodko, Mykola Vorobyov, Viktor Kordun, Mykhaylo Hryhoriv), a circle of Lviv writers around the samizdat "Skrynya" almanac (Hryhoriy Chubay, Oleh Lysheha, Mykola Riabchuk, Viktor Morozov, Roman Kis, Orest Yavorskyi), separate dissident writers like Ihor Kalynets. Authors belonging to ''Kyiv ironic school'' (Volodymr Dibrova, Bohdan Zholdak, Les Podervianskyi) are considered to be the forefathers of Ukrainian postmodernism. Contemporary Ukrainian literature was also influenced by the ''New York group'' of Ukraininan emigre writers, who separated politics from their art in contrast to the politically active sixtiers writers in soviet Ukraine. On the background of stronger censorship and repression in the times of Brezhnev many writers in Ukraine since 1970-s distanced themselves into inner immigration making their literature self-sufficient. With advent of Perestroika the censorship pressure on writers decreased. This allowed them to turn to previously prohibited styles and themes. The populist canon of social realism was revised, the works of the "Shot renaissance" modernist generation of 1920-s, diaspora and underground writers were printed. The role of a writer in the society was revised. A writer in soviet Ukraine played a specially important social function, which new postmodernist writers (especially the Bu-Ba-Bu group of poets including Yuri Andrukhovych, Viktor Neborak and Oleksandr Irvanets) tried to debunk. Interestingly the some of the centers of new Ukrainian literature were situated away from the republican capital of Kyiv. ''Stanislav phenomenon'' emerged in Ivano-Frankivsk and included a group of eminent writers like Yuri Andrukhovych, Yuriy Izdryk, Taras Prokhasko, Halyna Petrosanyak and Mariya Makytsey. Mykola Riabchuk was an influential figure in Ukrainian literature in the end of 1980-s and beginning of 1990-s. He edited "Suchasnist", the most influential literary journal at that period. Thanks to Riabchuk many still to become famous writers were first published. After the collapse of the USSR Ukraine faced a decade of substantial social changes. A free book marked had to replace the state-financed soviet publishing system and the support of writers loyal to the regime. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Contemporary Ukrainian literature」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|